Ash handling options for coalfired power plants power. Complete revision of hmt, rac, ic engines, material science and power plant for gate page 23. Moharana, department of mechanical engineering, national institute of technology rourkela, rourkela. Book description basic mechanical engineering covers a wide range of topics and engineering concepts that are required to be learnt as in any undergraduate engineering course. The hydro thermal coordination of one hydro and one thermal power plant was used as an example to explain this issue. The water turbine changes the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft. Encyclopedia of physical science and technology third edition, academic press, new york, 2003, pages 489504. A practical thermal plant possess more complicated design and multiple stages of turbine such as high pressure turbine hpt, intermediate pressure turbine ipt and low pressure turbine lpt. Thermal plants needs a few hours for their startup. Ppt hydro power plants powerpoint presentation free to.
About 65% of electricity consumed in india are generated by thermal power plants. Solar thermal energy, direct energy conversion, wind energy, geothermal. With over 600 drawings, diagrams, and photographs, it offers engineers and technicians the information needed to keep powerplants operating smoothly into. It is intended to design a hydroelectric power plant using the following data. Power plant for gate and ese2021 topicmodern thermal power plant content of video. The following diagram shows an outline of a hydroelectric power station. Dec 30, 2018 the constructional cost of a hydroelectric power plant maybe higher than that of other conventional thermal power plants because of construction of a huge dam across the flowing river.
Hydro power plants, an overview of the current types and technology. Pdf hydro power plants, an overview of the current types. Thermal power is the largest source of power in india. Divided into three parts, this book lays emphasis on explaining the logic and physics of critical problems to develop analytical skills in students. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of powerplants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently. Introduction to power plants run of the river in some areas of the world, the flow rate and elevation drops of the water are consistent enough that hydroelectric plants can be built directly in the river. The engineering cost in addition to the constructional cost is also high in a hydroelectric power plant. May 2012 introduction to the specifics of small hydro power plants 01 june 2012. A power station that is operating under heads less than. Estimating efficiency of thermal and hydroelectric power. Fundamentals of energy, fossil fuels, energy economics, thermal power plants, hydroelectric power, nuclear fusion reactors, solar thermal energy conversion, photovoltaic power generation, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, magnetohydrodynamic power generation. The firm has facilitated and commissioned two hydroelectric energy projects, with a capacity of 15,6 mw and 8,1 mw, via electric market license regulation.
The maintenance and repair costs of a thermal plant are much higher than for a hydroelectric plant. Water stored in the dams is used for generation of electricity in the hydroelectric power plant. First, the cost of the fuel needed to generate hydropower is miniscule because the process doesnt use any of the more common polluting fuels, such as oil, coal, or natural gas. Moharana, department of mechanical engineering, national institute of technology rourkela, rourkela 769008 odisha india. Basic mechanical engineering covers a wide range of topics and engineering concepts that are required to be learnt as in any undergraduate engineering course. Ggf technical workshop on small hydro power financing hydropower arnsburgerstr. Hydroelectric power characteristics of electric power plants initial cost of a hydroelectric plant is normally higher than that of a thermal plant producing almost the same amount of power. Classification of hydro plants, hydraulic turbines, hydro plant controls, problem solving week 6. This course provides a simple understanding of the power plant engineering.
One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating electricity on large scale basis is hydropower the power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower. Anyone wishing to make further use of ed material, by itself and apart from this text, should seek necessary permission directly from the proprietors. Flowing water is directed at a turbine which inside the generator spins a magnet inside coils of copper wire. The dam or water reservoir is crucial part of the hydroelectric power plants. Hydropower equipment and generation stations nptel. Army, usa, technical manual tm 58116, electric power plant design. Six important components of hydroelectric power plants.
It is however difficult to extract power from low flow rates. However, when the average level of the reservoirs drops too much, the thermal plants must be turned on, if there is a lack of new hydroelectric plants. Banerjee, department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. Smaller plants with output powers less than 5 mw may have efficiencies between 80 and 85 %. Hydroelectric power plant definition, principle, usage. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. The results of the study indicate that mean technical efficiency of thermal power plant in 2010 and 2011 is higher than efficiency of hydroelectric power plants.
If the reprint or republication includes ed material, the credit should also state. The hydrothermal coordination of one hydro and one thermal power plant was used as an example to. Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal power plant. In simple words, falling water spins the water turbine. Net head at plant site 20 m overall efficiency of turbine 90 % plot flow and power duration curves and calculate the firm and secondary power available from this source if the maximum useable water is limited to 150 m3sec. Hydro power some facts and figures, continued big range in capacity and size power capacity 1 kwe to 14500 mwe hydraulic head pdf ppt program robotics robots rocket satellite ships. It is the technique of using dam water falling from a height to turn the turbines of a generator. Site selection of hydroelectric power plant the electrical. The course contains the details of steam and gas thermal power plants, hydro. Hydraulic systems in hydro power plants may show oscillatory. Hydro power some facts and figures, continued big range in capacity and size power capacity 1 kwe to 14500 mwe hydraulic head hydroelectric powerplants are the most efficient means of producing electric energy. Thermal plant needs one month of maintenance each year.
Factors affecting the location of dam of hydroelectric. Nothing is perfect, so its ordinary to meet some drawbacks of hydroelectric power plant like. In hydroelectric power plants the potential energy of water is utilized to produce electricity. Hydroelectric power characteristics of electric power plants hydroelectric plants put in operation in only a few minutes. Pdf power plant instrumentation and control handbook. The conversion efficiency of a hydroelectric power plant depends mainly on the type of water turbine employed and can be as high as 95% for large installations.
Principal of hydro power plant the objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine termed the head, into electrical energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located. There are different types of thermal power plants based on the fuel used to generate the steam such as coal, gas, and diesel. The site selected should have transportation facilities of rail and road. Electrical engineering department sanjay ghodawat polytechnic. Hydroelectric power is the most popular green energy source for several reasons. Time needed to build and finish a hydroelectric plant is too long it may take 18 years. This turbine is connected to a generator which generates electricity. It is a flexible source of electricity and also the cost of electricity generation. The water passes through the plant without greatly changing the flow rate of the river. The hydrothermal coordination of one hydro and one thermal power plant was used as an example to explain this issue. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of hydroelectric power plant. The cost of generation of ener gy after four decades. Oct 24, 2008 lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof.
Generation of electricity by hydropower potential energy in stored water is one of the cleanest methods of producing electric power. Measurements in reallife power plants identify consequences of such possible interaction phenomena in. New material covers various energy resources for power generation, nuclear plant systems, hydroelectric power stations, alternative and cogeneration energy plants, and environmental controls. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of total electricity generation of the world. Electricity from water is usually referred to as hydropower, where the term hydro is. One kind of energy, which can be directly used, is being consumed to produce other type of energy. Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to. Albars consulting hydroelectric power plant turkey 2 our client is a corporation assigned by the energy market regulatory board emrb for the purpose of energy production. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. Thermal power plants in these types of plants fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas andor oil are being used as raw material. A coalfired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy. Sep 26, 20 this is important if the electric power generated is to be utilised at or near the plant site. Hydro power plant construction working and history of hydro.
This was the basic working principle of a thermal power station and its typical components. A hydro electric plant installed at the suitable location should be connected threw the rail and road facilities so that row material and heavy machinery can be transfer at the suitable location very easily it is also a important factor for selecting the suitably location for hydroelectric plant. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propellerlike piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produces electricity. Working principle of hydroelectric power plant your. A thermal power plant in the brazilian system operates as a complement to the hydroelectric ones. It is a flexible source of electricity and also the cost of electricity generation is. Energy systems hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants classification specific speed expressed as 1254 source. Lec 01 introduction to power plant engineering youtube. The turbine is located at the end of penstock from where the pressurized water strike the blades of turbine at high velocity making it to rotate.
Principles of nuclear energy, thermal fission reactors and power plants, fast breeder reactors, solar energy, solar thermal energy week 7. Cost of generation per kwh for hydro station and thermal station are in the ratio 1. No transcript arrangement of a small hydropower plant. Water turbines are classified into 2 typesimpulse type.
Dec 22, 2014 r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y e d u c a t i o n l e s s o n 1 introduction to hydroelectric power p a r t t w o unit 3. Hydroelectric power plant lecture dam hydroelectricity. Distance from the load centre power plant should be set up near the load centre, this will reduce the cost of maintenance of transmission line. In a thermal power station coal is burnt to produce steam which in turn, drives the steam turbine hence the generator turbo set. Generation, transmission and distribution of electric power. The following paragraphs contain a brief description of the main types of thermal power plants. When the ash storage pond at tennessee valley authoritys tvas kingston fossil plant in harriman, tenn. The turbine drives the alternator coupled with it and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The efficiency of todays hydroelectric plant is about 90 percent. Hydroelectric plants do not create air pollution, the fuelfalling wateris not consumed, projects have long lives relative to other. General layout and profile of a highhead diversion canal development the main parts of a high. Main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power plants. This article discusses factors determining the location of dams such as the amount of water available and more. It makes no sense to spill water while gas, which is fossil and imported, burns.
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